An investigation of sleep profiles in individuals with idiopathic scoliosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective Sleep behaviors have not been well investigated in individuals with idiopathic scoliosis (IS). This study aimed to investigate sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in individuals with IS and investigate the relationship between sleep parameters and curve magnitude, trunk deformity severity, pain, and emotional status in adolescents with IS. Material and Methods Ninety-one participants between the ages of 10 and 19 years with IS were included. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and daytime sleepiness was assessed with Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Pain was assessed using the short-form McGill pain questionnaire; the presence or severity of depressive feelings was evaluated using the Beck depression scale. Results The majority of the participants (64.8%) had poor sleep quality, while daytime sleepiness was within normal limits in most participants (85.7%).The frequency of participants without pain (52.7%) was similar to participants with pain (47.3%). The prevalence of participants with depressed mood was 35.2%. Participants with poor sleep quality were more likely to have a higher sensorial index (p<0.001), higher total pain scores (p=0.001), and less lumbar axial rotation (p=0.046). Higher pain (r=0.391), depression scores (r=0.234), and lower lumbar axial trunk rotation (r=-0.317) were associated with increased daytime sleepiness. Conclusion We observed poor sleep quality and an association with pain in patients with IS. Curve magnitude had no adverse effect on sleep quality or daytime sleepiness. Therefore, the sleep profile and its association with pain should be considered during the rehabilitation process in patients with IS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".