Coronal mass ejection followed by a prominence eruption and a plasma blob as observed by Solar Orbiter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context. On 2021 February 12, two subsequent eruptions occurred above the western limb of the Sun, as seen along the Sun-Earth line. The first event was a typical slow coronal mass ejection (CME), followed ∼7 h later by a smaller and collimated prominence eruption, originating south of the CME, followed by a plasma blob. These events were observed not only by the SOHO and STEREO-A missions, but also by the suite of remote-sensing instruments on board Solar Orbiter. Aims. We show how data acquired by the Full Sun Imager (FSI), the Metis coronagraph, and the Heliospheric Imager (HI) from the Solar Orbiter perspective can be combined to study the eruptions and different source regions. Moreover, we show how Metis data can be analyzed to provide new information about solar eruptions. Methods. Different 3D reconstruction methods were applied to the data acquired by different spacecraft, including remote-sensing instruments on board Solar Orbiter. Images acquired by the two Metis channels in the visible light (VL) and H I Ly- α line (UV) were combined to derive physical information about the expanding plasma. The polarization ratio technique was also applied for the first time to Metis images acquired in the VL channel. Results. The two eruptions were followed in 3D from their source region to their expansion in the intermediate corona. By combining VL and UV Metis data, the formation of a post-CME current sheet (CS) was followed for the first time in the intermediate corona. The plasma temperature gradient across a post-CME blob propagating along the CS was also measured for the first time. Application of the polarization ratio technique to Metis data shows that by combining four different polarization measurements, the errors are reduced by ∼5 − 7%. This constrains the 3D plasma distribution better.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".