The Diverse Roles of 17β-Estradiol in Non-Gonadal Tissues and Its Consequential Impact on Reproduction in Laying and Broiler Breeder Hens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Estradiol-17β (E 2 ) has long been studied as the primary estrogen involved in sexual maturation of hens. Due to the oviparous nature of avian species, ovarian production of E 2 has been indicated as the key steroid responsible for activating the formation of the eggshell and internal egg components in hens. This involves the integration and coordination between ovarian follicular development, liver metabolism and bone physiology to produce the follicle, yolk and albumen, and shell, respectively. However, the ability of E 2 to be synthesized by non-gonadal tissues such as the skin, heart, muscle, liver, brain, adipose tissue, pancreas, and adrenal glands demonstrates the capability of this hormone to influence a variety of physiological processes. Thus, in this review, we intend to re-establish the role of E 2 within these tissues and identify direct and indirect integration between the control of reproduction, metabolism, and bone physiology. Specifically, the sources of E 2 and its activity in these tissues via the estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ, GPR30) is described. This is followed by an update on the role of E 2 during sexual differentiation of the embryo and maturation of the hen. We then also consider the implications of the recent discovery of additional E 2 elevations during an extended laying cycle. Next, the specific roles of E 2 in yolk formation and skeletal development are outlined. Finally, the consequences of altered E 2 production in mature hens and the associated disorders are discussed. While these areas of study have been previously independently considered, this comprehensive review intends to highlight the critical roles played by E 2 to alter and coordinate physiological processes in preparation for the laying cycle.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".