Effect of subgrade on tensile strains in a geomembrane for tailings storage applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to quantify short-term tensile strains induced in a 1.5 mm thick high-density polyethylene geomembrane overlain by tailings. Four subgrades, a poorly graded angular to subangular gravel (GP), a well-graded angular to subangular gravel (GW), a poorly subrounded graded sand (SP), and silty sand (SM), and two nonwoven geotextiles, 450 and 1420 g/m 2 , were evaluated. All the indentations in the geomembrane (GMB) were due to the subgrade, and with an adequate fraction of sand size particles in the subgrade, the tensile strains could be minimized. At 2000 kPa, the maximum tensile strain was 32% for GP, 16% for GW, 13% for SP, and no discernable indentation was observed for SM prepared at the optimum water content of 11%. For the soft SM subgrade prepared at 20% water content, only one indentation with the tensile strain of 2% was observed. At 2000 kPa, a 450 g/m 2 geotextile beneath the GMB reduced the maximum tensile strain from 32% to 23% for GP subgrade, from 16% to 8% for GW subgrade, and from 13% to 6% for SP subgrade; the 1420 g/m 2 geotextile reduced the maximum tensile strain to 14% for GP subgrade. Thus, minimal subgrade indentation induced strain and hence the possibility of a very long service life of GMB could be achieved using SM subgrade.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".