Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates gyral abnormalities in Tourette syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary and repetitive movements known as tics. A retrospective analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 39 children and adolescents with TS was performed and subsequently compared with MRI scans from 834 neurotypical controls. The purpose of this study was to identify any differences in the regions of motor circuitry in TS to further our understanding of their disturbances in motor control (i.e., motor tics). Measures of volume, cortical thickness, surface area, and surface curvature for specific motor regions were derived from each MRI scan. The results revealed increased surface curvature in the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus in the TS group compared with the neurotypical control group. These novel findings offer some of the first evidence for surface curvature differences in motor circuitry regions in TS, which may be associated with known motor and vocal tics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".