Effect of dual-task training on clinical and biological factors related to sarcopenia in older adults: a quasi-randomized controlled trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Sarcopenia is a disease associated with different functional and biological factors related to the aging process. Preventing sarcopenia is important because this disease is associated with increased risk of frailty, falls, fractures, hospitalization, and mortality in older adults. Physical exercise has been the most used intervention for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. However, most of the exercise interventions have focused on strength training and nutritional supplementation, targeting the intervention for sarcopenia as a problem related only to muscle mass and strength. However, sarcopenia is a multidimensional condition with negative impacts on functional status. Dual-task training is effective in increasing different functional variables such as balance and gait speed. Nevertheless, there are few studies focused on the effect of this intervention on clinical and biological variables related to sarcopenia. For this reason, the objective of this study was to analyze the effects of dual-task training on clinical and biological measurements of sarcopenia in non-sarcopenic older adults. Methods 48 older adults were included in this study. Fat-free mass, fat mass, calf circunference, handgrip strenght, 5-repetition sit-to stand, 4-meter gait speed, six-minute walking test and oxidative stress blood biomakers were evaluated. Individuals were allocated into one of these two groups: dual-task training (experimental group) and simple-task training (control group) for 12 weeks, 3 times a week, 50 minutes each session. Student's t test, Mann-Whitney test, and ANCOVA, with adjustment for baseline were used. Cohen's effect size was calculated. Results Dual-task training increased the fat-free mass and calf circunference, and reduced the fat mass (Cohen's effect size from 0.4 to 1.0; p < 0.05 for all). Both groups showed improvement in 5-repetition sit-to stand, 4-meter gait speed, six-minute walking test (Cohen's effect size from 0.5 to 1.0; p < 0.05 for all). All the antioxidant biomakers (glutathione transferase, catalase, total plasma antioxidant potential and sulfhydryl grouping) increased after dual-task training (Cohen's effect size from 0.4 to 1.0; p < 0.05 for all). Conclusion Dual-task training improved muscle mass, muscle strenght and physical performance, which are the clinical measurements of sarcopenia. Additionally, this intervention also increased the antioxidant capacity in healthy older adults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".