Visualization of pile penetration using mechanoluminescent-coated particles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pile model penetration tests were conducted in a transparent plane strain container filled with granular mechanoluminescent-coated particles. The pile models were constructed with flat- and cone-shaped tips. Load transmission through the analogue granular soil was captured by taking images of the light emissions from one side of the container that were triggered by inter-particle force-induced mechanoluminescence during pile penetration. Time-coincident images were taken from the other side of the container using a second camera and the corresponding displacement fields computed using the digital image correlation method. Particle contact force chains at peak loads are shown to be in reasonable agreement with particle displacement fields. Differences in both displacement fields and patterns of particle contact force chains were detectable between pile models with flat- and cone-shaped pile tips. The orientations of the particle contact force chains generated at the base of the flat-tip pile model at peak pile load were in reasonable agreement with the geometry of the wedge of soil assumed from classical bearing capacity theory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".