Microwave frequency measurement using a silicon integrated microring resonator
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Photonics-assisted instantaneous frequency measurement of a microwave signal using a silicon integrated microring resonator (MRR) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The frequency of a microwave signal has a unique relationship with the power ratio between the two microwave signals at the outputs of two microwave photonic filters (MPF) with complementary frequency responses. The key device to implement the MPFs is a silicon integrated MMR, which is employed to convert a phase-modulated optical signal to an intensity-modulated optical signal by placing two optical carriers at the complementary slopes of the MRR. For a given frequency measurement range and resolution, an MRR is designed and fabricated, and its use for instantaneous microwave frequency (IMF) measurement is implemented. For the fabricated MRR, an IMF measurement range of 14–25 GHz with a measurement accuracy of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is achieved.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it