Tan spot disease under the lenses of plant pathologists
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tan spot is a relatively new yet one of the most destructive foliar diseases of wheat worldwide ( Savary et al., 2019 ). The causal agent, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs. (Ptr), is an ascomycete fungus first identified as a pathogen of wheat in the 1920s ( Nisikado, 1928 ). Until about 1970, Ptr was reported from many parts of the world, causing no or mild symptoms and occasional severe but localized outbreaks. The damaging effects of tan spot, however, became more pronounced starting in the 1970s, especially in the temperate regions of Australia, the American Great Plains, and the Canadian Prairies. On susceptible wheat, a yield loss of 49% was reported under conditions conducive for disease development ( Rees et al., 1982 ). The emergence of tan spot as a major disease in North America and Australia was explained mainly by the shift in agricultural practices to minimum tillage, as Ptr is stubble-borne and survives on crop residues. The widespread cultivation of susceptible wheat, and the horizontal gene transfer of ToxA , a necrosis-inducing effector, to Ptr from a related fungal pathogen, are now also recognized as essential factors in its sudden emergence ( Friesen et al., 2006 ; McDonald et al., 2019 ).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.037 | 0.029 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".