Current Recommendations for Perioperative Brain Health: A Scoping Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Perioperative complications such as stroke, delirium, and neurocognitive dysfunction are common and responsible for increased morbidity and mortality. Our objective was to characterize and synthesize the contemporary guidelines on perioperative brain health for noncardiac, non-neurologic surgery in a scoping review. We performed a structured search for articles providing recommendations on brain health published between 2016 and 2021 and included the following complications: perioperative stroke and perioperative neurocognitive disorders, the latter of which encompasses postoperative delirium and a spectrum of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. We categorized recommendations by subtopic (stroke, postoperative delirium, postoperative cognitive dysfunction), type (disclosure/ethics/policies, prevention, risk stratification, screening/diagnosis, and management), and pharmacological versus nonpharmacological strategies. We noted country of origin, specialty of the authors, evidence grade (if available), and concordance/discordance between recommendations. Eight publications provided 129 recommendations, originating from the United States (n=5), Europe (n=1), United Kingdom (n=1), and China (n=1). Three publications (37%) applied grading of evidence as follows: Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE): A, 30%; B, 36%; C, 30%; D, 4%. We identified 42 instances of concordant recommendations (≥2 publications) on 15 themes, including risk factor identification, risk disclosure, baseline neurocognitive testing, nonpharmacological perioperative neurocognitive disorder prevention, intraoperative monitoring to prevent perioperative neurocognitive disorders, avoidance of benzodiazepines, delaying elective surgery after stroke, and emergency imaging and rapid restoration of cerebral perfusion after perioperative stroke. We identified 19 instances of discordant recommendations on 7 themes, including the use of regional anesthesia and monitoring for perioperative stroke prevention, pharmacological perioperative neurocognitive disorder management, and postoperative stroke screening. We synthesized recommendations for clinical practice and highlighted areas where high-quality evidence is required to inform best practices in perioperative brain health.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".