History of worldwide kazakh communityfor a quarter of a century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Kazakh nation has come a long and difficult way in history. Kazakh statehood has taken a multifaceted model in different historical periods. However, a full-fledged modern statehood that meets the national interests and can withstand the challenges of the XXI century has been established in 1991 only after the collapse of the USSR. For many years, the country has been fighting for independence, experiencing the fate of the country, and in a short period of time, the Kazakh nation has regained its sovereign statehood in a time of forgetfulness, and is stepping into the future among the world’s leading nations. In a short period of time, the state has identified the political aspects of its development, made the transition to a market economy, and experienced serious social commotions. The first Kurultay of the Worldwide Kazakhs convened in 1992 discussed the establishment of the World Association of Kazakhs and the election of its charter and governing bodies. At the scientific conference of the Kurultay, the World Association of Kazakhs was established. The first step of our independent country was to invite our compatriots from all over the world to the first kurultai of the worldwide Kazakhs. In Almaty, the capital of the Kazakh people, there was a great gathering of the nation, which brought together Kazakhs from all over the world. Since then, as a result of the work carried out, the number of compatriots who came to the country in 2019 reached 1.5 million people. Kazakhstan has established regular contacts with ethnic Kazakhs abroad. Key words: diaspora, foundation, association, society, Kazakh country.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".