Highly stable and ultra-sensitive amperometric aptasensor based on pectin stabilized gold nanoparticles on graphene oxide modified GCE for the detection of aflatoxin M1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Herein, we have elaborated a new electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of ultra-trace amounts of aflatoxin M1 (AFM 1 ) present in cow milk, with regulated low levels. To achieve detection of AFM 1 , a simple strategy for the deposition of specific aptamers was elaborated, based on their grafting on pectin-reduced gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) electrogenerated on a graphene oxide sheet modified glassy carbon electrode. The elaboration of composite film was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–visible absorption measurements. The aptamer/pectin-AuNPs/GO/GCE exhibited significantly enhancement in the determination of AFM 1 in 20 min with a low detection limit 0.2 ng/L, a wide and useful linear range (10–1000 ng/L). An excellent stability, a high sensitivity, and a reproducibility as well as good recovery were obtained by the designed aptasensor. Moreover, the obtained results were tested in real samples. Thus, good electrochemical performance and simple preparation process of the aptamer/pectin-AuNPs/GO/GCE can provide promising potential for the detection of AFM 1 in milk samples in a daily use.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".