Effect of Spacing Between Baffles on the Dynamic and Thermal Behavior of Water in a Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A numerical simulation of a turbulent flow of water in three shell and tube heat exchangers equipped with 6, 8, 10 segmental baffles as the working fluid at Reynolds numbers ranging from 24327, 33356, 42569 are performed. The conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy are solved by the finite volume method based on the SIMPLE algorithm for coupling velocity-pressure, the mathematical model k-ε within the Fluent software is used in the different cases presented. The temperature, the velocity, the friction factor, the heat transfer coefficient, the pressure drop in the shell, the total heat transfer rate between the tubes and the fluid, the overall performance factor are studied for the three spacing between baffles. This work contributes largely to the understanding of turbulent flows and also shows the effect of the baffles number on the heat transfer in the heat exchangers. The velocity of flow in the shell increases by 1.49% and 1.62% and 1.73% of the reference velocity. The results show an increase in the outlet temperature, heat transfer coefficient 1.09% and 1.28%, pressure drop 1.7% and 2.82%, the total heat transfer rate 1.08% and 1.18% because of the increase in number of baffles. The results obtained in this study are in good agreement and correspond to the results given by the literature.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".