Dual Dynamic Programming for the Mean Standard Deviation Canadian Traveller Problem
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article studies the mean standard deviation (mean-std) Canadian traveller problem (CTP). Different from the canonical CTP, which aims at minimizing the traveller's expected travel time, while considering edge breakdown probabilities, we introduce the reliability version of CTP, which tries to find a routing policy with the minimal linear combination of the travel time's mean and standard deviation. With the recent development of internet-of-things (IoT) technology, the transportation network's edges' travel-time statistics, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</i> . <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</i> ., mean and standard deviation, as well as the traversal probabilities, are available to the end users. With those information, we propose a dual dynamic programming (DDP) method, which simultaneously estimates the first-order and the second-order moments of a given decision-list (DL) policy, and thereby makes improvements towards to the optimal one through the generalized policy iteration (GPI) scheme. We construct an open source benchmark environment to evaluate the performance of different mean-std CTP solutions, and show that the DDP method outperforms state of the arts in a range of transportation networks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".