A systematic literature review of the economic evidence for transarterial radioembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
e16159 Background: Evidence synthesis can be used to demonstrate the economic value of medical technologies. Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a clinically effective therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, a synthesis of the comparative economic outcomes is lacking. This study systematically reviewed and summarized the available economic evaluations of TARE for the treatment of HCC. Methods: A systematic review of economic evaluations of TARE for HCC treatment following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed. English and Spanish publications were identified from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, MEDES, health technology assessment agencies, and scientific congress databases published through May 2021. Results: Among 423 records screened, 20 economic evaluations (two cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs), eight cost-utility analyses (CUAs), one cost-minimization analysis, six cost analyses, and three budget impact analyses) met the pre-defined criteria for inclusion. Included studies were evaluated from a payer perspective (n = 20) and included both payer and societal perspectives (n = 2). Thirteen studies were published from a European perspective, six from the United States, and one from the Canadian perspective. Included studies evaluated early (n = 4) vs. intermediate and advanced HCC (n = 15). TheraSphere and Sir-Spheres were the most evaluated TARE therapies compared to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) (n = 12) alone or TACE/sorafenib agents (n = 10). The time horizon in the included studies varied: TARE vs. sorafenib (5-years and lifetime) and TARE vs. TACE (5-years). Variability in health outcomes was observed with greater health benefits reported for TARE vs. TACE for intermediate (n = 1) and advanced-stage patients (n = 2) and TARE vs. sorafenib for intermediate (n = 1) and advanced-stage patients (n = 6). All CEAs compared the costs and survival benefits of TARE vs. TACE/Transarterial embolization (TAE)/sorafenib/tyrosine-kinase inhibitor. Of the 20 studies, TARE was associated with lower treatment costs in ten studies. From the payer perspective, TARE costs varied widely in the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system and ranged from $1,770 (BCLC-A) to $66,800 (BCLC-C). The life-years gained (LYG) ranged from 1.1 years (TARE vs. sorafenib/lenvatinib) to 3.1 years (TARE vs. TACE/TAE/drug-eluting bead-TACE). The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) for TARE vs. sorafenib ranged from $38,352/QALY to $71,386 (dominant) and one CUA of TARE vs. TACE and showed an ICUR of $22,181/QALY. Conclusions: Economic evaluations of TARE for HCC treatment are heterogeneous. Overall, TARE is a cost-effective short- and long-term treatment for HCC, driven by increased LYG compared to other HCC therapies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.018 | 0.071 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.022 | 0.018 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".