Waste-based nanoarchitectonics with face masks as valuable starting material for high-performance supercapacitors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surgical face masks waste is a source of microplastics (polymer fibres) and inorganic and organic compounds potentially hazardous for aquatic organisms during degradation in water. The monthly use of face masks in the world is about 129 billion for 7.8 billion people. Therefore, in this contribution the utilization of hazardous surgical face masks waste for fabrication of carbon-based electrode materials via KOH-activation and carbonization was investigated. The micro-mesoporous materials were obtained with specific surface areas in the range of 460 – 969 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.311 – 0.635 cm3/g. The optimal sample showed superior electrochemical performance as an electrode material in supercapacitor in the three-electrode system, attaining 651.1F/g at 0.1 Ag−1 and outstanding capacitance retention of 98 % after a test cycle involving 50′000 cycles. It should be emphasized that capacitance retention is one of the most crucial requirements for materials used as the electrodes in the supercapacitor devices. In this strategy, potentially contaminated face masks, common pandemic waste, is recycled into highly valuable carbon material which can serve in practical applications overcoming the global energy crisis. What is more, all microorganisms, including coronaviruses that may be on/in the masks, are completely inactivated during KOH-activation and carbonization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".