Provision of carbohydrate resources to support Apanteles polychrosidis, to increase parasitism of Caloptilia fraxinella in horticultural ash trees
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The provision of nutritional resources for beneficial insects that support pest control, such as parasitoid wasps, is one tactic in conservation biological control. This tactic could be an important element for the development of a biological control program to help control the ash leaf-cone roller, Caloptilia fraxinella Ely (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), an introduced pest of horticultural ash trees (Fraxinus) in Canadian Prairie cities, including Edmonton, AB, Canada. In the current study, we test the efficacy of carbohydrate food provision to support parasitism of C. fraxinella by its primary parasitoid, Apanteles polychrosidis Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Laboratory experiments compared the longevity, parasitism rate and offspring fitness of wasps fed sucrose solutions at one of two concentrations (10 and 25% v/v) or flowers of buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum (Polygonaceae). Fed wasps lived longer than wasps with access to water only. Mated, but not unmated, males and females lived longer when fed 25% than 10% sucrose. Female A. polychrosidis had similar longevity when fed 25% sucrose or buckwheat flowers. Egg load did not change with sucrose provision. Adult longevity of fed unmated female A. polychrosidis was negatively correlated with egg load. Female A. polychrosidis fed 25% sucrose produced offspring with a slightly female-biased sex ratio and higher fecundity than offspring from female A. polychrosidis fed the 10% sucrose solution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".