Effects of combined one-lung ventilation and intrathoracic carbon dioxide insufflation on intrathoracic working space when performing thoracoscopy in dogs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of combining one-lung ventilation and carbon dioxide insufflation (OLV-CDI) on intrathoracic working space (determined by means of CT) during thoracoscopy in dogs and investigate conditions that could safely improve working space compared with OLV alone. ANIMALS: 6 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURES: Dogs were anesthetized, and right- or left-sided (n = 3/side) OLV was instituted. On the blocked side, a laparoscopic trocar sleeve was placed in the ninth intercostal space for CDI. CT was performed under 3 conditions: with OLV alone, with OLV-CDI at an intrapleural pressure (IPP) of 3 mm Hg, and with OLV-CDI at an IPP of 5 mm Hg. Working space volume (WSV), ventilation space volume (VSV), and thoracic cavity volume (TCV) were determined from CT images. RESULTS: With OLV-CDI at an IPP of 3 or 5 mm Hg, WSV and TCV were significantly increased, compared with values obtained during OLV alone. With OLV-CDI at an IPP of 5 mm Hg, VSV and Spo2 were significantly decreased, compared with values obtained during OLV alone. Additionally, contralateral pneumothorax was observed in 4 dogs at an IPP of 5 mm Hg. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Combining OLV and CDI could provide a larger working space than OLV alone, even with an IPP of 3 mm Hg, in dogs of limited size. However, an evaluation of the effects on oxygenation and cardiovascular variables is needed before clinical use.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".