Effectiveness and Safety of Statins on Outcomes in Patients with HIV Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Statins are hypolipidaemic in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals. However, their all-cause mortality and discontinuation rates improvement is unclear. We evaluated statins impact on all-cause mortality, discontinuation rates, and adverse effects incidence among HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We searched four electronic databases from inception until October 2021 for trials and cohort studies in HIV patients evaluating statins versus placebo. Forty-seven studies involving 91,594 patients were included. Statins significantly decreased discontinuation rates (RR, 0.701; 95% CI, 0.508–0.967; p = 0.031), but insignificantly reduced all-cause mortality (RR, 0.994; 95% CI, 0.561–1.588; p = 0.827). Also, statins insignificantly lowered the incidence of any adverse effects (RR, 0.780; 95% CI, 0.564–1.077; p = 0.131), diabetes mellitus (RR, 0.272; 95% CI, 0.031–2.393; p = 0.241) and raised the incidence of myalgia (RR, 1.341; 95% CI, 0.770–2.333; p = 0.299), and elevated creatine kinase (RR, 1.101; 95% CI, 0.457–2.651; p = 0.830) and liver enzyme (RR, 1.709; 95% CI, 0.605–4.831; p = 0.312) activities. In HAART-experienced patients, statins reduced discontinuation rates and had comparable effects on all-cause mortality with placebo. Furthermore, statin therapy did not increase the onset of any adverse effects, myalgia, elevated creatine kinase and liver enzyme activities, and decrease the onset of diabetes mellitus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.020 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.016 | 0.029 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".