“Tree‐Trunk” Design for Flexible Quasi‐Solid‐State Electrolytes with Hierarchical Ion‐Channels Enabling Ultralong‐Life Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The construction of robust (quasi)‐solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) for flexible lithium‐metal batteries is desirable but extremely challenging. Herein, a novel, flexible, and robust quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte (QSSE) with a “tree‐trunk” design is reported for ultralong‐life lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). An in‐situ‐grown metal–organic framework (MOF) layer covers the cellulose‐based framework to form hierarchical ion‐channels, enabling rapid ionic transfer kinetics and excellent durability. A conductivity of 1.36 × 10 −3 S cm −1 , a transference number of 0.72, an electrochemical window of 5.26 V, and a good rate performance are achieved. The flexible LMBs fabricated with as‐designed QSSEs deliver areal capacity of up to 3.1 mAh cm −2 at the initial cycle with high mass loading of 14.8 mg cm −2 in Li‐NCM811 cells and can retain ≈80% capacity retention after 300 cycles. An ultralong‐life of 3000 cycles (6000 h) is also achieved in Li‐LiFePO 4 cells. This work presents a promising route in constructing a flexible QSSE toward ultralong‐life LMBs, and also provides a design rationale for material and structure development in the area of energy storage and conversion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".