Effect of Curing Age on Pull-Out Response of Carbon, Steel, and Synthetic Fiber Embedded in Cementitious Mortar Matrix
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fiber-matrix interface bonding is an important area of concern in fiber-reinforced composites because it is directly related to the mechanical behavior of composites. In this study, interfacial bond properties of four types of fiber at different curing ages were investigated by analyzing fiber pull-out responses. Special attention was given to the fiber–matrix bonding behavior, including fiber tensile strength, average bond strength, equivalent bond strength, and average pull-out energy. Pull-out tests were conducted at 7, 14, 28, and 56 days of curing. Different failure modes in steel fiber, synthetic macrofiber, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber, and pitch-based carbon fiber were investigated. According to the pull-out force versus slip curves, different failure patterns were recorded based on the fiber type. Carbon fibers experienced a sudden drop after reaching the peak load, whereas the load decrease in steel and synthetic fiber was not as abrupt. Results also confirmed that steel fibers exhibited the highest pull-out load and energy absorption capacity followed by lower values for synthetic and carbon fibers. While monofilament of steel fiber was able to absorb 1,050 N·mm, monofilament of synthetic fiber and twisted bundles of carbon fibers could absorb 277 and 55 N·mm, respectively. However, the bond strength of straight carbon fibers was comparable to that of synthetic fiber and still lower than steel fiber. It was also derived from the experimental data that an increase in cement matrix age correlates to an improvement in fiber maximum pull-out load, bond strength, and tensile strength. These parameters were identified and compared in all fiber types.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".