Coal and Gangue Active Identification Method Using Microwave Irradiation-Infrared Detection
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the process of the longwall top coal caving method, automatic distinction between coal and gangue at the working face is one of the most critical factors for the success of the operation. An active coal and gangue identification method using microwave irradiation combined with infrared detection is proposed in this paper. Coal and gangue are irradiated with microwave to actively enhance the external differences between them, and then the quantitative data of the difference are quickly collected by a noncontact infrared thermal imager, to perform identification of coal and gangue. Using theoretical analysis and laboratory experiments, the physical and chemical properties of coal and gangue are analyzed in order to reveal the thermal sensitivity of coal and gangue to microwave irradiation. The influences of the coal and gangue particle size, microwave irradiation time and microwave frequency on the thermal sensitivity to microwave irradiation are investigated. The experimental results show that the average temperature rise in coal is approximately 1.5 times that in gangue material under the same microwave irradiation conditions. This supports the feasibility of this identification method, and provides theoretical and experimental bases for achieving rapid and accurate identification of coal and gangue in top coal caving operations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it