Physical Responses to Anthropogenic Disturbance on a Runway in the Canadian High Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The McGill Arctic Research Station (MARS) runway on Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, has been subject to intense compaction from aircrafts since the 1960’s, causing alterations to the landscape across time and space. This study investigated the thermal, hydrological and physical responses of repeated aircraft compaction of the runway to characterize its vulnerability to land use, and the effects of long-term and repeated compaction. Methods: In late July and early August 2018, the island’s summer thaw season, topographic, soil, hydrological and frost table data were collected along four transects across the MARS runway. Results: Topography and effective porosity differences caused by compaction were found to affect soil moisture contents, leading to the observed differential frost heaving and insulation properties of soil across the runway. Soil was found to be mostly silt on and off disturbed areas, indicating that compaction does not affect grain-size but rather pore space and soil bulk density. The frost table mapping suggested statistically significant variations in depth of the frost table across undisturbed, disturbed, and indirectly disturbed areas, showing that compression from aircrafts has both direct and indirect spatial impacts on the hydrogeomorphic system. Furthermore, this research examined possible solutions to mitigate thaw consolidation of the runway. Limitations: The method of probing used to determine frost table depths introduced significant error to the data. Probing discrepancies arose between people probing and between sampling days, as techniques differed and/or improved. Future studies should consider using electrical resistance tomography to map the frost table, as this would eliminate inconsistencies. Furthermore, while pore size distributions were inferred based on grain-size and extent of compaction, subsequent studies should consider a quantitative approach to pore space analysis. Conclusion: This study suggests that aircraft travel to the remote McGill Arctic Research Station causes spatially and temporally significant changes in the local hydrogeomorphology, especially in fine-grained and wet, frost-susceptible soils. Thaw consolidation, which results indicate is caused by the direct and indirect effects of soil compaction, compromises the prolonged use of the runway.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".