Sustainable Biocomposites from Biofuel Co-Product and Biodegradable Plastic: Effect of Pyrolysis and Compatibilizer on Performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Distillers’ dried grains with soluble (DDGS), a by-product of the corn ethanol industry, has been shown to be useful as a filler in biocomposites. Work was done comparing the impacts of heat treatment (torrefaction, at 300°C) of DDGS and inclusion of compatibilizer on properties of a DDGS-filled biocomposite. The untreated or heat-treated DDGS (30 wt.%) was blended with poly (butylene succinate co butylene adipate) (PBSA) (70 wt.%), or PBSA offset with 3 wt.% maleic anhydride-grafted PBSA. As a result of the inclusion of DDGS, tensile and flexural modulus increased by 68% and 72%, respectively. The torrefaction heat treatment was shown to degrade the hemicellulosic content of the DDGS, which restored thermal stability lost with the addition of untreated DDGS. The improved compatibility with the addition of MA-g-PBSA resulted in improvement in heat deflection temperature , as well as tensile strength and flexural strengths, in both untreated and heat-treated samples. Notably, tensile and flexural strengths were further enhanced in the case of the untreated DDGS. Overall, this study shows how filler treatment combined with compatibilization in PBSA biocomposites impact material performance and their variability in specific properties when it comes to application options.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".