Global Observations of Rotary-With-Depth Shear Spectra
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Internal waves are predominantly generated by winds, tide/topography interactions and balanced flow/topography interactions. Observations of vertical shear of horizontal velocity ( u z , v z ) from LADCP profiles conducted during GO-SHIP hydrographic surveys, as well as vessel-mounted sonars, are used to interpret these signals. Vertical directionality of intermediate-wavenumber [λ z ~ 𝒪(100 m)] internal waves is inferred in this study from rotary-with-depth shears. Total shear variance and vertical asymmetry ratio (Ω), i.e. the normalized difference between downward- and upward-propagating intermediate wavenumber shear variance, where Ω > 0 (< 0) indicates excess downgoing (upgoing) shear variance, are calculated for three depth ranges: 200-600 m, 600 m to 1000 mab (meters above bottom), and below 1000 mab. Globally, downgoing (clockwise-with-depth in the northern hemisphere) exceeds upgoing (counterclockwise-with-depth in the northern hemisphere) shear variance by 30% in the upper 600 m of the water column (corresponding to the globally averaged asymmetry ratio of = 0.13), with a near-equal distribution below 600-m depth ( ~ 0). Downgoing shear variance in the upper water column dominates at all latitudes. There is no statistically significant correlation between the global distribution of Ω and internal wave generation, pointing to an important role for processes that re-distribute energy within the internal wave continuum on wavelengths of 𝒪(100 m).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".