Osmopriming in Seeds of Helianthus annuus L.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Osmoconditioning stands out as an alternative treatment that aims to improve seed performance in the field. The process consists of immersing the seed in an aqueous solution containing the osmotically active compound, and thus the process of imbibition begins, which stops as soon as they reach equilibrium with the solution’s osmotic potential, allowing only the occurrence of the initial mechanisms of germination. Given the above, the objective of this work was to verify the effect of osmoconditioning on the physiological quality of sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.). For that, sunflower seeds of cultivar BRS 323 were used, which were soaked in polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) solutions at different times of 0, 2, 4 and 6 hours. Then, the seeds were washed in distilled water and sown in trays containing sterilized sand. The following descriptors were evaluated: emergence, first emergence count, emergence velocity index, shoot length, and root length. Sunflower is a plant responsible for osmoconditioning by immersion at a potential of -2 MPa for 3.8 hours. The osmoconditioning of sunflower seeds can efficiently improve seedling performance in the stand, influencing emergence and emergence speed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".