Net 350 Gbps/λ IMDD Transmission Enabled by High Bandwidth Thin-Film Lithium Niobate MZM
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We demonstrate ultra-high-speed data transmission at a symbol rate up to 144 Gbaud using thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) modulator in an intensity modulation direct-detection (IMDD) system. With 95 GHz 6-dB electro-optic bandwidth and 1.5 V half-wave voltage, this C-band modulator enables the transmission of net 318 (308) Gbps PAM-6 at B2B (after 500 m of standard single-mode fiber) below the 6.7% overhead (OH) hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) BER threshold of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.8\times 10 ^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . We also transmit net 360 (350) Gbps PAM-8 at B2B (500 m), which satisfies the normalized generalized mutual information (NGMI) threshold of 0.8798 with 19.02% overhead soft-decision (SD) FEC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of net 300 Gbps below the 6.7% OH HD-FEC BER threshold and the highest net rate (360 Gbps) achieved on the TFLN platform using pulse amplitude modulation (PAM).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".