Asthma Treatment Outcome and Factors Associated with Uncontrolled Asthma Among Adult Patients with Asthma in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Asthma is a major public health challenge in the world resulting in significant health and economic burden. The modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors could have considerable impact on asthma control and medical care. Objective: This study is intended to evaluate the treatment outcome and identify risk factors for poor asthma control among patients with asthma in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study using interview and chart review was conducted among patients with asthma attending ambulatory care of two large public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, between March and June 2018. The Global Initiative for Asthma Guideline was used to determine treatment outcomes. The variables of interest were described using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviations. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with uncontrolled asthma. All statistical significance level was determined at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 230 patients with asthma were interviewed. More than half (65.2%) of patients were females, and their mean age was 54 ± 15.1 years. Overall, 50.4% of the patients had uncontrolled asthma status. More than two number of trigger factors (AOR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.09-2.01), cold weather (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.51-2.42), exacerbations of asthma in the last 12 months (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.39-2.32), moderate persistent asthma (AOR = 3.47; 95% CI: 1.75-5.13), severe persistent asthma (AOR = 2.90; 95% CI: 2.56-3.98), patients on Salbutamol puff with Beclomethasone (AOR = 2.92; 95% CI: 2.50-3.45) and patients on Salbutamol puff with Beclomethasone and Prednisolone (AOR = 5.76; 95% CI: 4.02-6.02) use were significantly associated with uncontrolled asthma. Conclusion: More than half of patients with asthma had uncontrolled asthma treatment outcome. This indicates the need to give due attention to asthma patients with uncontrolled status, particularly to those with identified risk factors. Health care providers should work in creating patient awareness on appropriate use of their prescribed medications, avoidance of asthma triggering factors for decreasing the progression of the disease and better asthma control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".