Surface Co‐Modification of Halide Anions and Potassium Cations Promotes High‐Rate CO<sub>2</sub>‐to‐Ethanol Electrosynthesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The high‐rate electrochemical CO 2 conversion to ethanol with high partial current density is attractive but challenging, which requires competing with other reduction products as well as hydrogen evolution. This work demonstrates the in situ reconstruction of KCuF 3 perovskite under CO 2 electroreduction conditions to fabricate a surface fluorine‐bonded, single‐potassium‐atom‐modified Cu(111) nanocrystal (K–F–Cu–CO 2 ). Density functional theory calculations reveal that the co‐modification of both F and K atoms on the Cu(111) surface can promote the ethanol pathway via stabilization of the CO bond and selective hydrogenation of the CC bond in the CH 2 CHO* intermediate, while the single modification of either F or K is less effective. The K–F–Cu–CO 2 electrocatalyst exhibits an outstanding CO 2 ‐to‐ethanol partial current density of 423 ± 30 mA cm −2 with the corresponding Faradaic efficiency of 52.9 ± 3.7%, and a high electrochemical stability at large current densities, thus suggesting an attractive means of surface co‐modification of halide anions and alkali‐metal cations on Cu catalysts for high‐rate CO 2 ‐to‐ethanol electrosynthesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".