Dynamics of Starter and Non-Starter Lactic Acid Bacteria Populations in Long-Ripened Cheddar Cheese Using Propidium Monoazide (PMA) Treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The microbial community of industrially produced Canadian Cheddar cheese was examined from curd to ripened cheese at 30–32 months using a combination of viable plate counts of SLAB (GM17) and NSLAB (MRSv), qPCR and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Cell treatment with propidium monoazide excluded DNA of permeable cells from amplification. The proportion of permeable cells of both Lactococcus spp. and Lacticaseibacillus spp. was highest at 3–6 months. While most remaining Lacticaseibacillus spp. cells were intact during later ripening stages, a consistent population of permeable Lactococcus spp. cells was maintained over the 32-month period. While Lactococcus sequence variants were significant biomarkers for viable cheese curd communities at 0–1 m, Lacticaseibacillus was identified as a distinctive biomarker for cheeses from 7 to 20 months. From 24 to 32 months, Lacticaseibacillus was replaced in significance by four genera (Pediococcus and Latilactobacillus at 24 m and at 30–32 m, Secundilactobacillus and Paucilactobacillus). These results underscore the importance of monitoring potential defects in cheeses aged over 24 months, which could be diagnosed early through microbial DNA profiling to minimize potential waste of product. Future perspectives include correlating volatile flavor compounds with microbial community composition as well as the investigation of intra-species diversity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".