Meeting Specific 24-Hour Movement Guidelines Is Associated With BMI Among University Students With Overweight/Obesity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Approximately 40% of college/university students have overweight/obesity; physical activity and sleep play a role. To address these interrelated behaviors, Canada recently released 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. This study aimed to determine (1) the percent of students with overweight/obesity meeting Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, (2) whether health behaviors differ by demographics, and (3) whether meeting guidelines is associated with BMI. Methods: University students 18–35 years (n = 459) enrolled in a randomized controlled weight management trial completed 1 week of ActiGraph measured activity, self-reported sleep duration, researcher-measured height/weight, and demographics at baseline. ANOVA and t-tests determined differences in student demographics and BMI among those meeting vs not meeting each guideline. Results: Of the analytic sample (n = 403), 341 (84.6%) met the MVPA guideline, 284 (70.5%) met the LIPA guideline, 236 (58.6%) met the sleep guideline, 62 (15.4%) met the sedentary time guideline, and 34 (8.4%) met all guidelines. Students meeting MVPA (30.8±4.3 vs 32.5±4.5, P = .008) or sleep (30.7±4.4 vs 31.6±4.3, P = .04) guidelines had significantly lower BMIs compared to those not meeting each guideline. Percent of students meeting sleep ( P = .039) or all guidelines ( P = .012) differed by race/ethnicity. Conclusion: Meeting MVPA/sleep guidelines is associated with lower BMI; these behaviors are important targets for future weight management programs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".