Navigating fear, shyness, and discomfort during menstruation in Cambodia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While increased attention has been given to girls' menstrual hygiene management (MHM) experiences in schools as they relate to managerial challenges, research exploring girls' psychosocial experiences during menstruation and their needs in non-school environments remains limited. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding menstruation and MHM (M&MHM) among rural Cambodian girls (at least 14 years old, post-menarche; n = 130), mothers (n = 93), fathers (n = 15), teachers (n = 37; 54.1% female), and boys (at least 14 years old; n = 59) in both the home and school environments. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through structured interviews, focus groups, and latrine surveys in eight secondary schools and villages from two rural provinces, Banteay Meanchey and Kratie. Findings indicated that although 95% of girls felt capable of managing their menses each month, many girls experienced fear, shyness, and discomfort (FSD) during menstruation. Identified M&MHM challenges and FSD in both the home and school environments influenced all participant groups' decision-making, social interactions, and varied based on their knowledge of M&MHM and emphasized the need for comprehensive interventions that reduce the impact of MHM challenges on psychosocial experiences and FSD to promote girls' well-being during menstruation, particularly in income limited settings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".