Versatility of sulfonated poly (vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) membranes incorporated with sulfonated octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for vanadium redox flow battery applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Hybrid membranes are fabricated using the blends of sulfonated poly (vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (SPVDF‐co‐HFP) and sulfonated octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (SOPS) as an alternate for expensive Nafion in vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) applications. The FT‐IR and TEM investigation indicates the successful sulfonation of OPS and uniform distribution of SOPS. The morphological study of hybrid membranes by SEM–EDX and FESEM revealed the excellent dispersing ability of SOPS on a SPVDF‐co‐HFP matrix. The physicochemical analysis of SPVDF‐co‐HFP/SOPS membranes demonstrated an increase in hydrophilic ion‐exchangeable sites. The SPVDF‐co‐HFP/SOPS (0.5 wt.%) membrane displayed a maximum proton conductivity of 6.27 × 10 −3 Scm −1 at 80°C because of strong hydrogen bond formation between SPVDF‐co‐HFP and SOPS facilitates proton migration. Besides, the cage‐like structure of SOPS effectively shields vanadium‐ion permeation to 1.21 × 10 −8 cm 2 min −1 and thus, showed a maximum membrane selectivity of 43.05 × 10 4 Scm −3 min. Overall, the hybrid membranes of SPVDF‐co‐HFP/SOPS were considered to be a better substitute for Nafion in VRFBs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".