Profitability ratios of the world's leading publicly traded oil and gas corporations as an indicator of the investment attractiveness of domestic vertically integrated oil and gas companies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subject. The article focuses on the key profitability ratios of twenty five leading publicly traded oil and gas companies from 2006 through 2018. The analysis encompasses ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Occidental Petroleum, Devon Energy, Anadarko Petroleum, EOG Resources, Apache, Marathon Oil, Imperial Oil, Suncor Energy, Husky Energy, Canadian Natural Resources, Royal Dutch Shell, BP, TOTAL, Eni, Equinor (Statoil), PetroChina, Sinopec, CNOOC, Petrobras, PAO Gazprom, PAO NK Rosneft, and PAO LUKOIL. Objectives. The aim of the study is to trace key trends in key profitability ratios of corporations in the oil and gas industry, to identify the key trends in their change within the studied period, and to establish those factors that led to this transformation. Methods. The study is based on methods of comparative and financial-economic analysis, summarizing financial reporting data. Results. I determined the dynamics of changes in key profitability indicators in the stock market sector of the industry and established the main factors that contributed to this transformation, based on the results of a comprehensive analysis of balance sheets of 25 oil and gas companies. I revealed a decrease in the profitability of the leading publicly traded oil and gas companies within the studied period, which was especially clearly manifested in the midst of the global financial and industry crises. The most difficult situation is observed in a number of independent US companies. The main reason for the drop in the profitability of the stock market sector of the industry is that the costs of core activities outstrip the corresponding revenue in terms of growth, mainly due to the costs of depreciation, depletion, and amortization. Another important factor was a significant increase in the book value of non-current assets. The study unveils that the specific burden of income tax per unit of net revenue from core activities is gradually decreasing in the stock market sector of the oil and gas industry. Conclusions. The profitability of the oil and gas stock market sector is deteriorating, however, the current price level allows the leading companies to generate net income.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".