A 2-Year Retrospective Case Series on Isolates of the Emerging Pathogen Actinotignum schaalii from a Canadian Tertiary Care Hospital
Bibliographic record
Abstract
(1) Background: Actinotignum schaalii is an emerging, opportunistic pathogen often linked with UTIs but can extend beyond the urogenital system. Data on the clinical significance of A. schaalii are still emerging. (2) Methods: A retrospective review of A. schaalii isolates in a Canadian tertiary care hospital was conducted. The clinical data of patients that grew A. schaalii from January 2020 to 2022 were documented. Demographics, site, management, and microbiological parameters surrounding culture and sensitivities were recorded. (3) Results: A total of 43 cases of A. schaalii were identified. Actinotignum schaalii was primarily involved in UTIs (n = 17), abscesses (n = 9), bacteremia (n = 6), septic arthritis (n = 5), and ulcers (n = 5). A. schaalii had a slight predilection for polymicrobial infections (51.1%, n = 22 out of 43), with Aerococcus urinae (n = 5) being the most common coisolate. Susceptibility testing was only performed in two cases that showed sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics and resistance to metronidazole and ciprofloxacin. Amoxicillin–clavulanate (n = 5) is the most frequently prescribed antibiotic. (4) Conclusions: The non-urogenic clinical significance of A. schaalii remains undervalued. The management of A. schaalii infection is multimodal, consisting predominantly of antimicrobials and surgical procedures specific to the etiology. Clinicians should request sensitivities for A. schaalii so that appropriate antimicrobial coverage can be provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".