Clinically Relevant Deficits in Performance Tests in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To assess the association between self-reported and performance-based physical functioning and to evaluate which performance tests are most frequently impaired in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods Consecutive patients with axSpA underwent standardized assessments including patient and disease characteristics; patient-reported outcomes for disease activity, functioning, depression, mobility, and physical activity; and performance tests. Patients were defined as being impaired if they were not able to perform ≥ 1 of the performance tests. Validated cut-offs were used to define impaired physical performance. Impairment of performance tests as well as discrimination between subgroups were analyzed. Results A total of 200 patients (radiographic axSpA 66.5%, nonradiographic axSpA 33.5%) were included: 69% males, mean age 44.3 (SD 12.5) years, and mean symptom duration 17.9 (SD 12.6) years. The 2 most frequently impaired performance tests were the repeated chair stand test (n = 75, 37.5%) and putting on socks (n = 44, 22%). An impairment in ≥ 1 performance test was seen in 91 patients (45.5%). Patients with impairments were older (49.1 yrs vs 40.3 yrs); had a higher BMI (28.9 kg/m2vs 25.8 kg/m2); a more active disease (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, 3.0 vs 2.1); higher Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI; 5.8 vs 2.7), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI; 4.4 vs 2.7), and Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society Health Index scores (9.5 vs 4.9); and higher depression screen values (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, 11.6 vs 6.5; allP< 0.01). Conclusion Many patients with axSpA had impairments in physical performance tests. Importantly, this was frequently seen in tasks requiring coordination and muscle power of the lower extremity. Performance tests provide qualitatively different information than BASFI and BASMI assessments in patients with axSpA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".