Predicting Early Vestibular and Motor Function in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) can affect vestibular function, which is an important cornerstone for early motor development. This study aims to identify risk factors for early vestibular dysfunction with severe repercussions on the motor outcome. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 169 cCMV-patients with complete vestibular assessment (lateral video Head Impulse Test and cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials) before the age of 18 months (mean 8.9, standard deviation 3.27 months). Motor results using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale were collected in 152 of these patients. Logistic and linear regression models were applied to identify risk factors for the vestibular and motor outcomes, respectively. RESULTS: The odds of developing early vestibular dysfunction were 6 times higher in patients presenting with hearing loss at birth compared to those born with normal hearing (p = .002). Within the latter group, significant predictors for vestibular dysfunction were (delayed-onset) hearing impairment at the time of vestibular testing (p = .003) and the presence of periventricular cysts on magnetic resonance imaging (p = .005). Remarkably, none of the patients infected during the third trimester of pregnancy (n = 14) developed early vestibular dysfunction. On average, vestibular-impaired patients had a z-score on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale that was 1.17 points lower than patients without vestibular deficit (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Early vestibular loss can have a significant adverse effect on motor development. Hearing and cranial imaging findings could facilitate the widespread implementation of a (targeted) vestibular assessment approach in the cCMV-population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 133:1757-1765, 2023.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".