Super‐Reversible CuF<sub>2</sub> Cathodes Enabled by Cu<sup>2+</sup>‐Coordinated Alginate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Copper fluoride (CuF 2 ) has the highest energy density among all metal fluoride cathodes owing to its high theoretical potential (3.55 V) and high capacity (528 mAh g −1 ). However, CuF 2 can only survive for less than five cycles, mainly due to serious Cu‐ion dissolution during charge/discharge cycles. Herein, copper dissolution is successfully suppressed by forming Cu 2+ ‐coordinated sodium alginate (Cu‐SA) on the surface of CuF 2 particles during the electrode fabrication process, by using water as a slurry solvent and sodium alginate (SA) as a binder. The trace dissolved Cu 2+ in water from CuF 2 can in situ cross‐link with SA binder forming a conformal Cu‐SA layer on CuF 2 surface. After water evaporation during the electrode dry process, the Cu‐SA layer is Li‐ion conductor but Cu 2+ insulator, which can effectively suppress the dissolution of Cu‐ions in the organic 4 m LiClO 4 /ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate electrolyte, enhancing the reversibility of CuF 2 . CuF 2 electrode with SA binder delivers a reversible capacity of 420.4 mAh g ‐1 after 50 cycles at 0.05 C, reaching an energy density of 1009.1 Wh kg ‐1 . Cu 2+ cross‐link polymer coating on CuF 2 opens the door for stabilizing the high‐energy and low‐cost CuF 2 cathode for next‐generation Li‐ion batteries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".