Comparison Of Different Methods Used To Prescribe Exercise Intensities From Ramp-incremental Exercise
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The oxygen uptake (V̇O2) vs power output (PO) relationship from ramp exercise (RAMP) is used to prescribe aerobic exercise. During a RAMP, as PO increases, there is a delay in breath-by-breath V̇O2 that contributes to a misalignment of V̇O2 from PO. This lag is known as the mean response time (MRT). If the MRT is not considered in exercise prescription, RAMP-identified POs will elicit V̇O2 values that are higher than intended. Three methods are used to quantify MRT including linear modeling (MRTLin), exponential modeling (τ’), and the steady-state method (MRTSS). PURPOSE: To compare the time delays between MRTLin, τ’, and the MRTSS at 75%, 85%, and 15% of the difference between estimated lactate threshold (θL)and V̇O2peak (Δ15%). METHODS: 10 males (24.6 ± 7.7 yr, V̇O2max 3.69 ± 0.72 L.min-1, Peak PO V̇O2max 352 ± 57 W, θL PO 180 ± 58 W, θL V̇O2 2.22 ± 0.69 L.min-1) performed a 30W/min RAMP on a cycle ergometer (CYCLE). τ’ and the MRTLin were calculated from the RAMP and converted to a coincident PO. Three 30 min CYCLE trials were performed on separate days, at τ’ left-shifted 75% and 85% of θL, and Δ15%. The RAMP PO corresponding to the steady-state V̇O2 from the 75% θL trial PO was determined. The difference between that PO and the 75% θL trial PO was the MRTSS. Pre-and post-blood lactates were recorded from all trials. RESULTS: τ’ and MRTLin were different (22 ± 13 W, 17 ± 9 W, P=0.04). MRTSS was similar to τ’ and MRTLin (22 ± 11 W, (P=1.000, P= 0.07). The τ’ and MRTLin-corrected POs corresponding to the V̇O2 over the last 5 min of the 75% of θL trial (114 ± 53 P=0.573 and 121 ± 49 P=0.372, respectively) were similar to the actual PO performed (116 ± 52). τ’ and MRTLin-corrected POs corresponding to the V̇O2 last 5 min at 85% of θL (142 ± 70, 149 ± 66, P=0.087 respectively) were similar to the actual PO performed(140 ± 65). The τ’-corrected PO corresponding to the V̇O2 last 5 min at Δ15% (P=0.088) was similar to the actual PO performed. The MRTLin-corrected PO corresponding to the V̇O2 last 5 min at Δ15% (P= 0.025) was different from the actual PO. CONCLUSION: Left-shifting the RAMP PO by τ’ or MRTLin results in a similar corresponding V̇O2 at 75% or 85% of θL. At Δ15% only left-shifting by τ’ results in the same PO as is performed. Using τ’ or MRTLin can be used with confidence when prescribing exercise below θL. At intensities slightly above θL only left-shifting by τ’ is reliable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".