Effects Of Hydration Protocols On Physiological Responses Of Barbados Firefighters During A Training Simulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Firefighting is a physically and psychologically demanding occupation with firefighters exposed to various environmental stressors. Many studies have examined the impact of firefighting activities on dehydration, but pre-training hydration protocols have not been extensively investigated. PURPOSE: To quantify the hydration status of Barbados Fire Services firefighters prior to a simulated training scenario and determine the impact of two hydration protocols on cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses. METHOS: Seven career firefighters from the Barbados Fire Services completed a simulated firefighting scenario on two separate days preceded by two different hydration protocols. Participants consumed: HYD 1) 10 mL/kg of water as one bolus 2-hours prior to the scenario, and HYD 2) 10 mL/kg separated into 3-equal volumes every 45-minutes starting 2-hours prior to the scenario, counter-balanced on separate days. Dependent measures included body mass, urine specific gravity, heart rate, and core temperature. RESULTS: Seven (100%) and six (86%) participants were in a hypo-hydrated state prior to the experimental protocol for HYD 1 and HYD 2, respectively. Body mass revealed a 0.1% reduction for HYD 1 and a 0.1% increase for HYD 2 (p > 0.05). Pre-hydration urine specific gravity (USG) was significantly greater than post-hydration USG for HYD 1 (1.029 ± 0.006 and 1.019 ± 0.009) and HYD 2 (1.027 ± 0.005 and 1.016 ± 0.011), respectively (p < 0.05). Change in core temperature was not different between HYD 1 and HYD 2 immediately following the firefighting simulation (0.41 ± 0.24 vs 0.50 ± 0.22 °C), 5-minutes into recovery (0.69 ± 0.37 vs 0.80 ± 0.29 °C), and 8-minutes into recovery (0.76 ± 0.36 vs 0.89 ± 0.26 °C), respectively (p > 0.05). Peak heart rate during the firefighting simulation was not different between HYD 1 (188 ± 4 bpm) and HYD 2 (183 ± 7 bpm) (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The hydration protocols examined in this study did not differ on cardiovascular or thermoregulatory responses. However, both protocols improved urine specific gravity following a firefighting training simulation indicating that when firefighters arrive in a hypo-hydrated state, commencing fluid intake 2-hours before training may improve post-simulation hydration status.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".