The Ecological Validity Of Countermovement Jump Force Plate-derived Asymmetry Metrics To On-court Basketball Asymmetry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the ecological validity of inter-limb asymmetry metrics obtained from countermovement jump (CMJ) testing compared to the impact asymmetry observed on-court. METHODS: Ten varsity female basketball athletes (age 19.8 (1.8) years, height 175.8 (7.7) cm, mass 73.5 (12.8) kg, and training experience 3.1 (1.6) years at the university level) from McMaster University who were free from any musculoskeletal injury were recruited to participate in the 3-week study. A standardized 5-minute dynamic warm up was completed prior to CMJ testing. Participants completed 3 maximal attempts with a minimum of 60 seconds rest between successive attempts on two portable force plates. The independent variables obtained from the CMJ testing included: peak and average braking, propulsive, and landing force asymmetry, as well as braking, propulsive, and landing impulse asymmetry, and average braking rate of force development asymmetry. Following CMJ testing, participants were provided with wearable inertial measurement units to capture on-court impact (e.g., overall session impact asymmetry, which was further stratified into: low (1-5 g), medium (6-20 g), and high (21-200 + g) impact bins) during 90-minute training sessions. The sensors were positioned bilaterally on each ankle anterosuperiorly relative to the medial malleoli. Multiple linear regressions were used to determine the ecological validity of the CMJ metrics as predictors of the on-court asymmetry metrics, at an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS: All braking, propulsive, and landing asymmetry variables derived from the force plate were not significantly predictive of on-court overall session impact asymmetry (R2 = 0.39; F = 1.13; p-value = 0.39; and estimate of error variance = 33.20). Furthermore, there were no significant CMJ predictors when stratifying impact asymmetry into low, medium, and high acceleration bins (R2 = 0.40, 0.47, and 0.44; p-value = 0.36, 0.18, and 0.25, respectively). CONCLUSION: CMJ force plate testing appears to measure unique aspects of inter-limb asymmetry as compared to what is observed on-court. Thus, CMJ testing alone may not provide an adequate representation of the asymmetrical loading patterns that may be experienced by athletes in their normal training environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".