Retinoic acid receptors at 35: molecular convergence of vitamin A and steroid hormone action
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fields of vitamins and steroid hormones emerged in parallel in the early parts of the twentieth century. Scientists in both fields were initially interested in the purification of natural compounds present respectively in food stuff and extracts from organs and biological fluids that had profound effects on reproduction, development, and general maintenance of a healthy organism. Coincidently, the chemical structure of vitamin A and the steroid hormones oestradiol and progesterone were resolved around the same time in the mid 1930s. From these early common grounds, the fields of vitamin A and steroid hormones then diverged into their respective branches of biological sciences, mainly nutrition/vision and endocrinology for the next several decades. Yet, 50 years later, it is the surprising discovery that retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, exerts its biological effects via a member of the superfamily of steroid receptors that led to the improbable reunification of vitamin A and steroid hormones action. We celebrate the scientific milestone of the discovery of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) with a special issue of the Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. This issue comprises chronicles reminiscing how that discovery was achieved independently by two young Canadian scientists working in the laboratories of Ronald Evans and Pierre Chambon separated by a continent and an ocean, and reviews by international experts describing distinct aspects of RAR-dependent biology and mode of action.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".