Effects of a Carnobacterium maltaromaticum strain at natural contamination levels on the microbiota of vacuum-packaged beef steaks during chilled storage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the impact of a Carnobacterium maltaromaticum strain at a natural contamination level on the dynamics of microbiota and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium on chilled vacuum-packaged (VP) beef. C. maltaromaticum A5 up to 2 log CFU/cm2 was spiked onto beef steaks with or without E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium. The steaks were vacuum-packaged and stored at 2 °C for 12 weeks. The dynamics of the microbiota were determined using plating and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing methods. The predominant bacterial species in the final microbiota were determined using whole metagenome and genome sequencing. C. maltaromaticum on inoculated meat peaked at week 2 (>80%) even though the initial relative abundance was as low as <1%. The relative abundance of indigenous Latilactobacillus was 0.1–0.5%, but gradually increased to 75.7–100% at week 12, displacing Carnobacterium. The predominant species in the final microbiota was identified as Latilactobacillus sakei subsp. carnosus, which harbored gene clusters encoding Sakacin G and a putative class IIc bacteriocin. Neither of the two pathogens was affected by C. maltaromaticum A5. Taken together, this study indicates that the initial microbial composition plays an important role in the fate of an introduced LAB strain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".