Unusual Electronic Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Conjugated to Cobalt Phthalocyanine: Long-Lived Charge Separation and Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Octacarboxylated cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) was covalently conjugated to cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by employing an esterification protocol. Solid-state NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, and infrared spectra were used to verify and study the nature of covalent attachment responsible for the immobilization of CoPc on the CNC surface. The covalent attachment was investigated from a theoretical simulation perspective using dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which verified the stable bond formation between CNC and CoPc. CoPc is an organic semiconductor with a high exciton binding energy, and CNCs are known to be insulating. Yet, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) indicated charge carrier generation and long-lived charge separation in the CNC–CoPc conjugate compared to pristine CoPc under visible light illumination. Such behavior is more typical of a semiconductor nanocomposite. The CNC–CoPc conjugate exhibited superior performance in the visible-light-driven surface photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) to p,p′-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) and photodegradation of rhodamine B.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".