Dynamics of seizure termination in a non-human primate kindling model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures which involve transient neuronal hyperexcitability or hypersynchrony. Focal seizures with impaired awareness (FIAS) are commonly related to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis and potentially status epilepticus. How seizures terminate spontaneously remains an unanswered question fundamental to epileptology. To study seizure termination, we induced FIAS in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model with electrical kindling. Kindling stimulation was delivered to the basolateral amygdala once weekly for 30 weeks. Chronic linear microelectrode arrays were implanted in NHP mesial temporal lobe targets: the hippocampus, amygdala and entorhinal cortex. Daily electrophysiologic recordings were obtained from all targets before, during and after stimulation to monitor changes to local field potential activity. We detect prominent changes in electrophysiologic dynamics before after-discharge (AD; subclinical, electrographic seizures which begin after a stimulus) self-termination. Specifically, at seizure termination the power of the extra-focal theta rhythm increased, and the theta phase was shown to couple with the gamma rhythm within the seizure focus. The electrical current threshold for eliciting an after-discharge decreased from >700µA to 15µA. The refractory period, which prevents the induction of seizure events at threshold, was initially 3 minutes in duration. At 30 weeks after FIAS induction the refractory period increased to over 5 minutes in duration. Understanding the electrophysiologic dynamics that reflect endogenous seizure termination mechanisms may be a valuable consideration for refining intervention strategies for treatment of epilepsy. Clinical Relevance- Our findings provide further electrophysiologic description of the endogenous mechanisms behind seizure termination in a healthy brain. This work specifically highlights the importance of considering targets outside the epileptogenic zone for therapeutic intervention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".