Autonomy and Empowerment for Middle Managers in Jamaican Local (Municipal) Authorities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The chapter explores how chief executive officers' (CEOs) leadership styles in municipal corporations (MCs) in Jamaica affect middle managers' autonomy and empowerment for change leadership in times of crises. The CEOs' leadership styles contribute to the performance of middle managers' fulfilment of their organizational mandate. Fourteen participants (senior and middle managers), with at least 10 years of working experience at the senior and middle management levels, participated in this study to explore human lived experiences using a case study approach. The qualitative case study used NVivo 12 software to analyze data collected using semi-structured interview questions on how CEOs in MCs can empower middle managers with autonomy to effectively perform their jobs. The findings reveal that when CEOs empower and give autonomy to middle managers, such an action could transform local government organizations and encourage best practices for organizational change in times of crises.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".