How retinoic acid and arsenic transformed acute promyelocytic leukemia therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with severe coagulopathy leading to rapid morbidity and mortality if left untreated. The definitive diagnosis of APL is made by identifying a balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. This t(15;17) results in a fusion transcript of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) genes and the expression of a functional PML/RARA protein. Detection of a fused PML/RARA genomic DNA sequence using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or by detection of the PML/RARA fusion transcript via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has revolutionized the diagnosis and monitoring of APL. Once confirmed, APL is cured in over 90% of cases, making it the most curable subtype of acute leukemia today. Patients with low-risk APL are successfully treated using a chemotherapy-free combination of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide (ATO). In this review, we explore the work that has gone into the modern-day diagnosis and highly successful treatment of this once devastating leukemia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".