Variability in the sensitivity of nematodes species towards imidacloprid and diuron
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To assess the lethal effects of diuron (herbicide) and imidacloprid (insecticide) on ubiquist organisms at the basis of food webs, we performed multispecies toxicity tests using nematode species commonly found in soil and freshwater benthic ecosystems. Diuron and imidacloprid belong to the top 15 of the most frequently detected pesticides in French rivers. Both chemicals show an elevated DT50 (time to 50% degradation) in sediments, about 130 days for imidacloprid and more than 30 days for diuron. A standardized toxicity test with Caenorhabditis elegans, a representative for the response of nematode species to toxic stress, showed no significant response to imidacloprid at high concentrations up to 119 mg L-1 regarding growth or reproduction. Diuron inhibited 82% of reproduction success of C. elegans, but showed no significant effect on growth at high concentration (33 mg L-1). Then, we compared the lethal effects of diuron and imidacloprid on eight species of free-living nematodes: Aphelenchoides sp, Caenorhabditis elegans, Pristionchus pacificus, Diploscapter coronatus, Rhabditoides sp, Plectus velox, Plectus opisthocirculus, Plectus acuminatus. Nematodes were exposed in water for 48h to two concentrations (35 and 350 mg L-1 for imidacloprid and 10 and 100 mg L-1 for diuron). Results indicated a low risk of these pesticides to nematodes, as the chemicals did not affect significantly the survivorship at their solubility limit in water for every tested species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".