Drained expansion responses of a cylindrical cavity under biaxial in situ stresses: numerical investigation with implementation of anisotropic S-CLAY1 model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cavity expansion theory has been well developed in the past few decades, but little progress has been made to cavity expansion theory regarding biaxial in situ stresses. Owing to the two-dimensional nature of cavity expansion under anisotropic in situ stresses, a rigorous analytical or semi-analytical solution is no longer available for such cavity expansion problems. In this paper, a numerical study is performed to investigate the drained expansion responses of a cylindrical cavity under biaxial in situ stresses. The advanced anisotropic S-CLAY1 model integrated by the fully implicit backward Euler algorithm is implemented as a user-defined materials (UMAT) subroutine in the finite element model (FEM) to represent the elastoplastic behaviors of the anisotropic soils during cavity expansion. The FEM is validated by comparing with a benchmark semi-analytical solution under the uniform in situ stress. The expansion responses under biaxial in situ stresses, including the distributions of stress components, the evolutions of expansion pressures, stress paths, and yield surfaces, are subsequently investigated on leverage of the FEM and compared with those from approximate solutions. The present FEM in conjunction with the UMAT subroutine provides a benchmark for the validation of approximate solutions and the outcomes give significant insights into practical geotechnical problems pertaining to cavity expansion under biaxial in situ stresses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".