Neuromorphological and behavioural effects of early developmental exposure to alarm cue on captive-reared Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Behavioural plasticity plays an important role in an organism's ability to adapt to captive settings, but a lack of perceived predation risk during early development in captivity can lead to diminished anti-predator behaviours. Here, we used Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) to test whether early developmental exposure to alarm cues (pre-exposure) led to (1) a developmentally plastic response to alarm cue in yearling and (2) an observable change in neural investment. We exposed fry to either a conspecific alarm cue (pre-exposed fish) or control water (non-exposed fish) and measured activity related to anti-predator behaviour such as time spent motionless, number of aggressive acts, and time spent associated with shelter. We found no indication of a developmentally plastic response to early alarm cue exposure, but we found that pre-exposed fish developed relatively smaller olfactory bulbs compared to non-exposed fish. Our results demonstrate the importance of and ability to exploit plastic responses in captive-reared Atlantic salmon and highlight the need to link behaviour with neuromorphological changes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".